E.g. one cited study was
Langer A et al., Technology in Society, 2025 [17]
surveying 37 children aged 6-10, finding children performed at or below chance, significantly below adults at detecting AI (who perform at chance) for generated pictures.
If children were good at detecting manipulative content, you would expect them to find Ronald McDonald telling them how many calories are in their locally sourced ground meat mixture sinister, wouldn't you?