This study makes an important point, but it's only half the picture.
Think about the mobile phone. That innovation brought powerful computers into billions of people's pockets. But most people don't even know it *is* a computer. And did it bring more mathematically skilled people? No. Of course not.
Here's the thing: unless a student—and we are *all* students, for life—goes through knowledge with the intention to practically use it, we have no real use of the knowledge itself. We must know how to use it in life. That is where cognition takes place. The tool doesn't think for you unless you let it. But if you approach it as a partner in your own learning and problem-solving, that's a completely different story. Learn why: L. Ron Hubbard: Barriers to Study Booklet:
http://www.appliedscholastics.org/sites/default/files/barriers-to-study.pdf
And yes, there are many positive studies as well. Obviously, it all depends on *how* we approach the so-called AI. Passive consumption? That's the boiling frog. Active, intentional engagement? That's a whole different animal.
Here are links to some of those positive studies:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24893
https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/repository/efficiency-without-cognitive-change-evidence-human-interaction-narrow-ai-systems
https://student-cms.prd.timeshighereducation.com/campus/when-ai-asks-why-and-facilitates-critical-thinking
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04167
https://aclanthology.org/2025.ijcnlp-tutorials.4/
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1735237/text
https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/journal/view.php?number=2005&viewtype=pubreader
https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:281931116
https://ichgcp.net/zh/clinical-trials-registry/NCT07316647
The frog only boils if it sits still. If it swims with intention, that's a different story entirely.
