The result is not necessarily false, and certainly not a lie in the strict sense, but it is often distorted in ways that matter, especially when strong moral judgments are built on top of it.
The story of Congo is a clear case where that process can be examined in detail. This article here is a short primer. The full study that follows is much longer, and considerably less forgiving.
https://arngrimr.substack.com/p/on-narratives-and-causality