Last Notes
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The reasoning in 1960 looked airtight.
Colonialism had been run by Western capitalists. So capitalism was a tool of oppression. Socialism, its opposite, would be the path to liberation.
Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana, Julius Nyerere in Tanzania, Sékou Touré in Guinea, Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia, and Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe all reached the same conclusion through the same logic.
The logic was tidy. The results were catastrophic.
In Ghana, Nkrumah's government built 64 state enterprises before his overthrow in February 1966. Only three or four were profitable.
By 1970, the Ghanaian state was setting prices on nearly 6,000 items across more than 700 product groups.
In Tanzania, Julius Nyerere called the program ujamaa, a Swahili word for familyhood.
By 1976, the state had relocated more than 11 million peasants into roughly 8,000 collective villages.
Much of the relocation was done at gunpoint. Government bulldozers flattened old houses so families could not return.
Tanzania exported 540,000 tons of maize in 1970.
By 1974 it was importing 300,000 tons.
Within a few years a country that had been able to feed itself was depending on Western grain shipments to survive.
Ayittey then asked the question he considered most important: how do the rich get rich in the United States compared to Africa?
In the United States, the wealthiest people are builders.
Elon Musk built Tesla and SpaceX. Jeff Bezos built Amazon. Roughly two thirds of American billionaires founded the company that made them rich.
In socialist-era Africa, the wealthiest people were heads of state and their ministers.
- Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo): estimates of stolen wealth ranged from 1 to 5 billion dollars.
- Sani Abacha of Nigeria: around 5 billion.
- Ibrahim Babangida of Nigeria: roughly 12 billion.
- Hosni Mubarak of Egypt: estimates ran as high
as 40 billion.
- Muammar Gaddafi of Libya: estimates reached 200 billion.
Ayittey put it plainly. The combined net worth of every American president from George Washington through Barack Obama, all 43 of them, was about 2.7 billion dollars in 2010 figures.
Sani Abacha alone stole more than that in five years in office. African socialism built a ruling class that created nothing and extracted everything.
The argument Ayittey most wanted Africans to hear, and the one almost nobody quotes, is that socialism was never African.
Pre-colonial Africa had open markets, long-distance trade, and private enterprise. Cloth-weaving, iron and gold smelting, regional commerce.
Property was held by extended families and clans, not by the state.
Nyerere and his peers took kinship-based property and relabeled it communism. They confused village solidarity with state ownership.
They imported a nineteenth-century European industrial ideology and applied it to agricultural societies that already had functioning markets older than the modern European state.
Shortages, political prisons, and a parasitic ruling class followed.
South Africa in 2026 is preparing the same policies. The Expropriation Act was signed in January 2025. The MK Party introduced a constitutional amendment bill this April to push land restitution claims back to 1652 and remove compensation from the property clause.
Zimbabwe ran this experiment in 2000. Tobacco export earnings fell from 600 million dollars to 175 million by 2009. Maize production did not return to pre-seizure levels until 2017.
Ayittey warned about this for thirty years. He died in January 2022. South Africa is doing it anyway.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1509297544562834
"um pais com UM POUQUINHO MAIS de liberdade"
there, i fixed it for you!
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noarchive
Source: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1DLj1dzBYR/
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🤔
Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10227305383215468
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The US pays plasma donors and supplies roughly 70% of the global market. Most wealthy countries banned paid donation and now import the product from Americans.
Critics usually frame this as a moral issue. But the practical question never gets answered: if financial incentives are removed and donor numbers drop, who makes up the difference? And who explains that to the patients whose lives depend on plasma to survive?
What do you think about paying blood donors? Comment below.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1508675934624995
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BH é uma cidade diferenciada. Mas confesso que eu tomaria uma cerveja com esse cara. Já participei de eventos semelhantes.
Source: https://www.instagram.com/reel/DajW-b_kRJ0/?igsh=bWxqbWJiamV1MXBq
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A Forno de Minas quase perdeu tudo quando tentaram aumentar a margem mexendo justamente no que tornava o produto especial.
Crescer é importante. Lucrar também. Mas nunca às custas daquilo que construiu a confiança do seu cliente.
Assista até o final e entenda a lição que todo empresário deveria aprender.
#Empreendedorismo #GestãoEmpresarial #Empresas #Negócios #MarceloGermano
Todo mineiro sabe: o que dá gosto ao pão de queijo é o carinho de quem faz. Pão de queijo sem carinho é só pão!
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1680293339861316
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Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/DajLRGEGiTN/?img_index=12&igsh=a3BqazRoOG8wODF5
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China has successfully recovered the first stage of a carrier rocket during an orbital launch test, state media reported Friday. The Long March 10B rocket was launched from Hainan Island in southern China. About six minutes after separation of its first and upper stage, the first-stage booster returned to a floating platform, according to state broadcaster CCTV. https://cnn.it/44idJsH
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/26899201126424494
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POV : Argentina vs Egypt😂
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1369645075047578
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Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Dak5r63HEmh/?img_index=10&igsh=MWcwcGU1bndzcmwzbQ==
E o pior é que eu torci pra ele!
- Who will be in the trenches beside you?
- And does it matter?
- More than the war itself.
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Who are you supporting tonight? 🇫🇷 or 🇲🇦 👀⚽
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/4466282823637290
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Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10164783647770859&set=a.10150100349240859
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Minionized Falcon by @mpdesign_bricks #lego #minions #legostarwars #starwars
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1534904161624074
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Para virar um Saiyajin você precisa de 2 coisas:
1- Ser um Saiyajin
2- Ficar com MUITA raiva
PORÉM, se você mora no Brasil e souber das taxações, você fica com tanta raiva que nem precisa do número 1!
Gente, esse vídeo é uma COMPILAÇÃO de 3 vídeos que fiz entre 2023 e 2024, ou seja, as informações já não são mais as mesmas (mas eram quando eles foram escritos)
Então curta pelo que é, e não procurando incoerência com a atualidade porque ela existe.
#animação #humor #engraçado #dbz #goku
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/2177916052752425
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🇮🇹 Ami Inoi Live in Italy
Counting down to the Palermo Classica Festival on July 30th! 🎸✨
Don't miss out! 🔥
FROM CLASSIC TO ROCK - GUITAR RECITAL
30 July 2026 | time 20:15
📍Orto botanico
Via Lincoln, 2 Palermo 90133
€ 18,00 Front-row seat | € 14,00 Seat
🔗 https://www.palermoclassica.it/en/festival/16-international-festival/ami-inoi-guitar-recital/
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1012298088170093
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RIP THE SCRIPT
Nike Football
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/2053587705266269
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The Totalitarian Roots of Political Correctness | Konstantin Kisin
#KonstantinKisin #PoliticalCorrectness #FreeSpeech #SovietUnion #Communism #Censorship #Totalitarianism #WesternCivilisation #Culture #PoliticalPhilosophy
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/4544034572544849
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Como transformar o Brasil em Suíça
#animação #humor #engraçado #Brasil
Source: https://web.facebook.com/share/v/18dLpLyfVV/
A linguiça preferida do @nprofile…gkdl
#nevent1q…unee
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Já provou? 🤣
Source: https://www.instagram.com/reel/DZpQiAgRpyL/?igsh=OXo3a21uM25kczNu
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Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/27398007663142236
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Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10163118999550920&set=gm.4445591652425201
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Matemática nunca foi complicado 🗿🍷
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122133153687208640&set=gm.28406199205646945
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Nenhuma novidade #2026convocados
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1465433245616046&set=a.651951463630899
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Freedom includes the right to decide how to use the fruits of your labor.
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1484548877046658&set=a.363637405804483
Feira dos Importados: esquema fraudulento desviou impostos por 17 anos https://share.google/ZwSyzro8lpW8XifpA
Belo e moral
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That’s the solution🤔😌 For sure
Source: https://web.facebook.com/share/r/197tiMrdsT/
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Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1435442818610615&set=a.652907836864121
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Comment “CABO VERDE” and I’ll send you the link to create videos like this with Bobcat on ComfyUI 🌊⚽
Argentina kept coming.
Shot after shot.
Wave after wave.
But Cabo Verde No. 1 stood in front of the ocean.
His hands began to shake.
His body had nothing left.
Yet he kept standing for his island.
The final ball went in.
But Cabo Verde did not leave in silence.
They walked to their fans.
They thanked everyone who believed.
And the whole world finally saw them.
THE KEEPER WHO HELD THE OCEAN
ARGENTINA 3–2 CABO VERDE — WORLD CUP 2026
Created with Bobcat on ComfyUI ComfyUI Comfy Creators
#WorldCup2026 #Argentina #CaboVerde #Vozinha #Messi
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1335914331351844
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Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1529282198898398
Detalhe da história: comprei esses badulaques, de cerca de 3 reais cada, só para completar o frete grátis de um carregador de celular.
Sem eles, o frete custaria 30 reais. Ou seja: economizei 20 e poucos reais.
Só que o carregador foi retido pela Anatel para "homologação", e com isso ainda ganhei um cupom de 10 reais de desconto. Valeu, Anatel.
No fim, chegaram só os badulaques.
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Novos brinquedinhos que chegaram da china. Viva a taxa das brusinhas.
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Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/DaXyWB_Fgx5/?img_index=4&igsh=dTRsdXRpdHYwNDMw
https://ipfs.girino.org/ipfs/Qmb2ZaiKt3Aa6VPexHY6RKMdAq82rUNFZWuqA95hpTUMXz?filename=file.mp4
Banana? No. Chocolate. 🍌🍫
For the new Minions movie, I crafted this life-size chocolate scene featuring James running from a many-eyed monster. Every detail you see is made entirely from chocolate!
This is my second Minion creation, and I have to admit, these little yellow troublemakers are always a joy to bring to life. #amauryguichon #chocolate #minions
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/892736139884878
170 por beijo na boca? tá carinho hein? essa travesti ai tambem deve ser a do ronaldo fenomeno por esse preço!
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Cabo Verde...🇨🇻
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1334016445589202&set=a.548616240795897
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"New creative jobs are created by the people.
For that, you must keep down regulation and tax so you get new small businesses. And this is why our policy was and is right against Europe's present policy, which is wrong."
— Breakfast with Frost, BBC | 1993
#leadership #jobs #innovation #economy #europe
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/1397825282403889
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A rota do Hexa agora atravessa os mares do norte. Na lenda, quando os guerreiros da nossa terra avistaram o navio viking chegando à praia, ninguém soube dizer se era ameaça ou desafio. Nosso próximo desafio é a Noruega. Com garra, resistiremos a essa invasão.
E me diz aqui nos comentários: de quanto iremos ganhar?
.
.
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Video desenvolvido no @vosuai, inteiramente com Seedance2 e kling3
#capcutcpp @capcutappbr #worldcup2026 #copadomundo
@neymarjr @vinijr @erling @ronaldinho @rronald @lucaspaqueta @casemiro @cazetv @casimiro @marquinhosm5 endrick
Participação especial @marimenezees_ @gabriely @alexpoatanpereira
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/989975477368309
https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/0faab2c68d5068cfc6577a28a06ad73fe1f030f8ba029b469ebdedf0fa6867f0.mp4
Postura de campeão?
Ou a continuação de um milagre? ✨
A Argentina carrega a história. 🇦🇷
Cabo Verde quer transformar o sonho em realidade. 🇨🇻🌊
🇦🇷 Argentina
🆚
🇨🇻 Cabo Verde
Qual é o seu palpite para este duelo? 👇⚽🔥
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/27406242945705039
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tá fácil nem pro caramelo fazendo bico de entregador KKKKKKK
créditos/remix: @jotahalls | david Viniccius
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/2414593472358204
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Source: https://www.facebook.com/share/r/192pHtPn2f/
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Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/DaBBF7Kk1Sp/?img_index=4&igsh=MWg2ZHV5YzFxcHI3ZQ==
https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/d311fa2ec1083b3fb44d30ff1a0de2d180040c71c882e34878a081f13e2e794c.mp4
UAAAAAI! 😂😂😂
📹 Jessica Neto
Source: https://web.facebook.com/reel/3553667604797668
https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/f28ae7fd713f98264a13a2522b00810875844b0dc9a4e1d95c69ba3e35924401.png
noarchive
Source: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18mwrPRQ2g/
https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/bc0e54673f5f1a9913a80bc01925e223b8c64a416b1380154de2f9a7eddf1fc4.jpg
A true story, and interesting because Scandinavians tend to do better in US than in their home countries, and report same level of happiness as when they are in their home countries.
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1627733432692074&set=a.491147966350632
https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/bd0d81e4e88165a5cd745d63e817ad04faddac048fdd596fa7263761ef994ebb.jpg
Source: https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3667963906676122&set=gm.4367168896868647
