Complex systems don't just create unintended outcomes, they also weave those outcomes into their very structure. Over time, harmful rules and feedback loops become load-bearing, so attempts at reform threaten to unravel the whole system. This makes genuine change feel impossible from the inside, even when most people agree the results are bad.
That's why small fixes so often fail, and why entrenched problems like callout culture, structural racism, or carbon markets persist. The system learns how to protect itself.
Breaking out of this trap usually requires more than reform. It calls for revolutionary change: a reset of the rules rather than tweaks within them. And history suggests that kind of break doesn't need a majority at first; it only takes a small, determined minority, a few percent of the population, to push a system past its tipping point.
In short: Accidental governance creates self-preserving systems, and only organized, active pressure at the right scale can break them open.