There is also research how to prevent collaps
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mw3d3r7
Readable summary in German
https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000294385/drei-faktoren-bewahrten-historische-gesellschaften-vor-dem-untergang
ajuvo ✔ (npub1qxr…zg7v) together with me talkes about this and related topic.
https://media.ccc.de/v/2025-467-vom-kollaps-komplexer-systeme