They're made by stripping most of the epidermis off the soft rush Juncus effusus, leaving only a thin strip to provide structure but exposing the inner pith. The rushes are then dried, soaked in fat and burned for light. Traditionally pig or mutton fat would have been used, but as candles became more widely commercially available it was apparently quite common for families to buy one candle and melt it down to make 30 rushlights, as a less messy alternative to rendering their own fat. You can use vegetable oil as I did here but solid fats are less messy.
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