“Verifiable redundancy” is a reliability metric, not a definition of decentralization.
Decentralization is verified locally: I can join without permission, independently validate the rules, and no one can override my validation.
You cannot globally verify redundancy in Bitcoin either—private, Tor, and non-listening nodes are not enumerable. Treating unseen nodes as nonexistent would invalidate every privacy-preserving network by definition.
If your standard requires global observability, you’re not describing decentralization—you’re rejecting privacy as a design principle.
