Sounds like this issue.
https://gitlab.com/redhat/centos-stream/containers/bootc/-/issues/1174
Basically the image gets a newer release of a package baked in than what is available on the mirror network, and then you can't install another subpackage from the same build that has a strict dependency on a matching release. Try downgrading to util-linux-2.37.4-20.el9 first, then installing util-linux-user.