Quad witching is the simultaneous expiration of four derivative classes: stock index futures, stock index options, single-stock options, and single-stock futures.
In March 2025, the comparable quarterly event saw roughly $4.7 trillion in notional value expire in a single session. That session recorded the highest S&P 500 trading volume of the entire year. This past March 20 sat in a more stressed environment. VIX had spiked above 35, oil was near $120, gold was sliding from its highs. That context amplified the usual mechanics.
When that much notional has to move, close, or roll inside one trading window, volume runs roughly 49% above average. That alone changes how price behaves.
