The way it was explained to me, is that Shinto is for this life and for beginnings, and Buddhism is for the next life. So Shinto is for births, for growing up, for starting something new, for weddings. And Buddhism is for when you die. "Japanese people are born in Shinto and die as a Buddhist."
(Of course, there is a wide variety of faiths and worship patterns in Japan, so it's not hard to find people where this is not the case!)