There is a whole industry around fraudulent and bad #science! Medical studies are certainly prone to this because of the publish or perish system. I've even seen listings for fake medical conferences in Toronto!
This article explains it's not only a multi-million dollar industry but there is basically a cabal of bad scientists running much of it.
"These expanding operations—ranging from paid authorships and citations to entirely fake journals—are now proliferating at a faster rate than legitimate scientific output... even more insidious: a largely unknown, underground network of scientists committing organized scientific fraud. “These networks are essentially criminal organizations, acting together to fake the process of science,”
medmastodon group (npub1egl…078m) #medmstodon #research #ethics #universities #medical
https://thedebrief.org/scientific-fraud-exposed-the-multi-million-dollar-shadow-industry-creating-junk-science-to-propel-academic-careers/